Biosynthesis and signaling of ethylene and their regulation on seed germination and dormancy
SONG Song-Quan,1,3,*, LIU Jun2, XU Heng-Heng2, ZHANG Qi2, HUANG Hui3, WU Xian-Jin31 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 2 Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China 3 Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province / College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, Hunan, China
This study was supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program.2012BAC01B05 the National Natural Science Foundation of China.31371715 the National Natural Science Foundation of China.31640059 the Guangdong Science and Technology Program.2016B030303007
Abstract Seed germination, a key ecological and agronomic trait, is determined by both internal and external cues that regulate the dormancy status and the potential for germination in seeds, and plays a critical role during the subsequent growth, development and production of plants. Dormancy is the temporary failure of seed germination under favorable conditions. Ethylene is a simple gaseous phytohormone with multiple roles in regulation of metabolism at molecular, cellular, and whole plant levels. It influences performance of plants under optimal and stressful environments by interacting with other signaling molecules. In the present paper, we mainly summarize ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, the role of ethylene in seed germination and dormancy release, and the interaction of ethylene with phytohormone abscisic acid and gibberellin, and propose some scientific problems to be required to investigate further in order to provide an idea for explaining the molecular mechanism of seed germination and dormancy regulated by ethylene. Keywords:abscisic acid;biosynthesis and signaling;crosstalk;ethylene;gibberellin;seed germination and dormancy
该方案是基于正文中引证的种子对乙烯、脱落酸或者GA响应的遗传分析、芯片数据和生理研究。乙烯通过抑制ABA的合成和促进它的失活或者分解代谢下调ABA的积累, 也负调控ABA信号。ABA通过ACS和ACO的活性抑制乙烯的生物合成。乙烯也增强GA的代谢和信号, 反过来也一样。“→”和“┤”分别表示信号级联的不同元素之间的正、负相互作用。根据Corbineau等[ 16]重绘。 Fig. 3Interaction among ethylene, abscisic acid, and gibberellin in the regulation of seed germination and dormancy
This scheme is based on genetic analyses, microarray data, and physiological studies on seed responsiveness to ethylene, ABA or GA cited in the text. Ethylene down-regulates ABA accumulation by both inhibiting its synthesis and promoting its inactivation or catabolism, and also negatively regulates ABA signaling. ABA inhibits ethylene biosynthesis through ACS and ACO activities. Ethylene also improves the GA metabolism and signaling, and vice versa. “→” and“ ┤” indicate positive and negative interactions between the different elements of the signaling cascade, respectively. Redrew from Corbineau et al. [ 16].
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