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摘要
自由空间量子通信会受到雾霾、沙尘、降雨等自然环境的干扰. 为提升环境干扰下量子通信的性能, 本文提出了基于软件定义量子通信 (software defined quantum communication, SDQC)的自由空间量子通信信道参数自适应调整策略. 该策略通过对环境状态实时监测, 根据预置在应用层的程序, 对量子初始状态及单量子态存在时间等相关参数进行自适应调整, 提高自然环境背景干扰下自由空间量子通信系统的保真度. 仿真结果表明, 在退极化、自发幅度衰变及相位阻尼三种噪声信道参数取值不同时, SDQC系统参数的最佳取值也不同. 系统根据环境变化及业务需求, 自适应地选择量子初始状态及单量子态存在时间, 使量子保真度在通信过程中始终保持在峰值, 有效提升了量子通信系统的适应能力及综合免疫力.-
关键词:
- 自由空间量子通信 /
- 软件定义量子通信 /
- 量子态 /
- 保真度
Abstract
Quantum communication in free space will be disturbed by natural environment, such as fog, dust, and rain, which is a difficult problem in the construction of quantum communication system. In order to solve this problem and improve the survivability of quantum communication system, we propose an adaptive parameter adjustment strategy for free-space quantum communication based on software-defined quantum communication (SDQC). Firstly, we propose a software-defined quantum communication model based on the idea of software defined networks. The architecture of SDQC is divided into four layers: transport layer, access layer, control layer, and management layer. The SDQC system sends the link information to the preset program at a management level through the real-time monitoring of channel state by the access layer. According to the link information, the management level issues instructions to the control layer to adjust the parameters such as the initial quantum state and the existence time of single quantum state, in order to improve the quantum entanglement and fidelity. Secondly, we analyze the relationship between quantum fidelity and parameters in SDQC system under three noise channels, i.e. depolarization channel, spontaneous amplitude decay channel, and phase damping channel. In the depolarized channel, the quantum fidelity F decreases with the increase of the error probability Pd of the qubit. When the error probability of qubit is certain, the system has the maximum quantum fidelity with the value of parameter x is 0.5. In the spontaneous amplitude decay channel, the quantum fidelity F decreases with the increase of the quantum state transition probability pt. When the transition probability of quantum state is certain, the higher the value of parameter x, the higher the fidelity will be. In the phase-damped channel, the quantum fidelity F decreases with the increase of the probability pc with which the qubit and the background interference equivalent quantum state have complete elastic scattering. When the probability is certain, the larger the value of |1/2 – x|, the higher the quantum fidelity of the system will be. Finally, we study the optimal values of SDQC system parameters under different environmental disturbances. The simulation results show that the optimal parameters of SDQC system are different when the parameters of three noise channels, namely depolarization, spontaneous amplitude decay and phase damping, are different. The system adaptively selects the initial quantum state and the existence time of single quantum state according to the environmental change and business demand, so that the quantum fidelity is always at the peak in the communication process. This strategy effectively improves the adaptability and comprehensive immunity of the quantum communication system.-
Keywords:
- free space quantum communication /
- software defined quantum communication /
- quantum state /
- fidelity
作者及机构信息
Authors and contacts
文章全文 : translate this paragraph
参考文献
[1] Jin X M, Ren J G, Yang B 2010 Nat. Photon. 4 376 Google Scholar
[2] Ma X S, Thomas H, Thomas S, Wang D Q, Sebastian K, William N, Bernhard W, Alexandra M, Johannes K, Elena A, Vadim M, Thomas J, Rupert U, Anton Z 2012 Nature 489 269 Google Scholar
[3] Davide E B, Timothy C, Ralph, Ivette F, Thomas J, Mohsen R 2014 Phys. Rev. D 90 045041 Google Scholar
[4] 聂敏, 任杰, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2015 物理学报 64 150301 Google Scholar
Nie M, Ren J, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 150301 Google Scholar
[5] 聂敏, 尚鹏钢, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2014 物理学报 63 240303 Google Scholar
Nie M, Shang P G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 240303 Google Scholar
[6] 聂敏, 石力, 杨光, 裴昌幸 2017 通信学报 38 2017092
Nie M, Shi L, Yang G, Pei C X 2017 J. Commun. 38 2017092
[7] Ivan C, Andrea T, Alberto D, Francesca G, Ruper U, Giuseppe V, Paolo V 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 200502 Google Scholar
[8] 聂敏, 任家明, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2016 光子学报 45 0927004
Nie M, Ren J M, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2016 Acta Photon. Sin. 45 0927004
[9] 聂敏, 唐守荣, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2017 物理学报 66 070302 Google Scholar
Nie M, Tang S R, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 070302 Google Scholar
[10] 聂敏, 常乐, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2017 光子学报 46 0701002
Nie M, Chang L, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2017 Acta Photon. Sin. 46 0701002
[11] 聂敏, 唐守荣, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2017 光子学报 46 1206002
Nie M, Tang S R, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2017 Acta Photon. Sin. 46 1206002
[12] 聂敏, 任家明, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2016 物理学报 65 190301 Google Scholar
Nie M, Ren J M, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 190301 Google Scholar
[13] 张朝昆, 崔勇, 唐翯祎, 吴建平 2015 软件学报 26 62 Google Scholar
Zhang C K, Cui Y, Tang H Y, Wu J P 2015 J. Software 26 62 Google Scholar
[14] Mijumbi R, Serrat J, Gorricho J, Bouten N, de Truck F, Boutaba R 2016 IEEE Commun. Surv. Tut. 18 239 Google Scholar
[15] Suresh L, Schulz J, Merz R, Feldmann A 2012 Comput. Commun. Rev. 42 279 Google Scholar
[16] Kannan K, Banerjee S 2012 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Network and Service Management Las Vegas, USA, October 22–26, 2012 p295
[17] Jin D, Nicol D M 2013 Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSIM Conference On Principles of Advanced Discrete Simulation Montreal, Canada, May 19–22, 2013 p91
[18] 尹浩, 马怀新 2006 军使量子通信概论 (北京: 军事科学出版社) 第224页
Yin H, Ma H X 2006 Introduction to Quantum Communication in Military (Beijing: Military Science Press) p224 (in Chinese)
[19] 张登玉 2013 量子逻辑门与量子退相干 (北京: 科学出版社) 第90—110页
Zhang D Y 2013 Quantum Logic Gates and Quantum Decoherence (Beijing: Science Press) pp90–110 (in Chinese)
[20] Liao X P, Fang M F, Fang J S, Zhu Q Q 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 020304 Google Scholar
[21] 尹浩, 马怀新 2006 军使量子通信概论 (北京: 军事科学出版社) 第227页
Yin H, Ma H X 2006 Introduction to Quantum Communication in Military (Beijing: Military Science Press) p227 (in Chinese)
[22] Bennett C H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 3121 Google Scholar
[23] Gao F, Qin S J, Huang W, Wen Q Y 2019 Sci. China: Phys. Mech. Astron. 62 070301 Google Scholar
[24] Gao F, Liu B, Wen Q Y 2012 Opt. Express 20 17411 Google Scholar
施引文献
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图 1 SDQC系统分层模型
Fig. 1. Hierarchical model of the SDQC system.
图 2 SDQC在退极化信道下量子保真度与量子位出错概率
${p_{\rm{d}}}$ 及参数$x$ 的关系Fig. 2. Relationship between quantum fidelity, the probability of a qubit error
${p_{\rm{d}}}$ and parameter$x$ of SDQC in depo-larization channel.图 3 自发幅度衰变信道下量子保真度与量子态跃迁概率
${p_{\rm{t}}}$ 及参数$x$ 的关系Fig. 3. The relationship between quantum fidelity, quantum transition probability
${p_{\rm{t}}}$ and parameter$x$ of SDQC in spontaneous amplitude decay channel.图 4 SDQC在相位阻尼信道下量子保真度与量子位与背景环境干扰等效量子态发生完全弹性散射的概率
${p_{\rm{c}}}$ 及参数$x$ 的关系Fig. 4. Relationship between quantum fidelity, the probability of a qubit having complete elastic scattering with the background
${p_{\rm{c}}}$ and parameter$x$ of SDQC in phase-damped channel.图 5 量子位出错概率
${p_{\rm{d}}}$ 随$x$ 取值变化对量子保真度$F$ 的影响Fig. 5. Influence of the change of qubit error probability
${p_{\rm{d}}}$ with the value of$x$ on the quantum fidelity.图 7
${p_{\rm{c}}}$ 随$x$ 取值变化对量子保真度$F$ 的影响Fig. 7. Influence of the change of the probability of a qubit having complete elastic scattering with the background
${p_{\rm{c}}}$ with the value of$x$ on the quantum fidelity.图 6 量子态跃迁概率
${p_{\rm{t}}}$ 随$x$ 取值变化对量子保真度$F$ 的影响Fig. 6. Influence of the change of quantum transition probability
${p_{\rm{t}}}$ with the value of$x$ on the quantum fidelity.图 8 SDQC系统在不同环境干扰因素下保真度
$F$ 与参数$x$ 的取值关系随时间的演化 (a)${p_{\rm{d}}} = 0.1,\; {p_{\rm{t}}} = 0.1,\; {p_{\rm{c}}} = 0.1;$ (b)${p_{\rm{d}}} = 0.1, \;{p_{\rm{t}}} = 0.5, \;{p_{\rm{c}}} = 0.1$ ; (c)${p_{\rm{d}}} = 0.1,\; {p_{\rm{t}}} = 0.1,\; {p_{\rm{c}}} =0.5;$ (d)${p_{\rm{d}}} = 0.1,\; {p_{\rm{t}}} = 0.5,\; {p_{\rm{c}}} = 0.5$ Fig. 8. Analysis on the evolution of the relationship between fidelity
$F$ and$x$ of SDQC system under different environmental disturbance factors over time: (a)${p_{\rm{d}}} = 0.1,\; {p_{\rm{t}}} = 0.1,$ $ {p_{\rm{c}}} = 0.1;$ (b)${p_{\rm{d}}} = 0.1,\; {p_{\rm{t}}} = 0.5, \;{p_{\rm{c}}} = 0.1$ ; (c)${p_{\rm{d}}} = 0.1,\; {p_{\rm{t}}} = 0.1,$ $0.1, {p_{\rm{c}}} = 0.5$ ; (d)${p_{\rm{d}}} = 0.1, {p_{\rm{t}}} = 0.5, {p_{\rm{c}}} = 0.5$ 图 9 保真度大于0.85时参数
$x$ 及$n$ 的集合Fig. 9. The set of parameters
$x$ and$n$ when the fidelity is greater than 0.85.表 1 不同环境干扰因素下SDQC系统参数
$x$ 的最优取值表Table 1. The optimal value of parameter
$x$ in SDQC system under different environmental disturbance factors.${p_{\rm{d}}}$ ${p_{\rm{t}}}$ ${p_{\rm{c}}}$ $n/\Delta t$ $x$ $n/\Delta t$ $x$ $n/\Delta t$ $x$ 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 0.29 5 0.49 10 0.66 0.1 0.5 0.1 1 0.43 5 0.66 10 0.74 0.1 0.1 0.5 1 0.42 5 0.73 10 0.78 0.1 0.5 0.5 1 0.56 5 0.80 10 0.81 聚圣源超级包裹母婴店铺起什么名字好非主流唯美头像da师演员表无上天兵子衿起名想起我的名字了吗浙江卫视直播在线直播姓夏女宝宝起名的园林起名皇蓉夫妻肺片重卡之家店铺免费起名他在逆光中告白电视剧免费看通讯器材公司起名做生意起个什么名字好沈阳起名湖北省教育考试院电话王中起名无神论疯狂的代价和主人的十个约定空气的成分我凭本事单身电视剧爱新觉罗起名圣经起名公司梦见扭秧歌荀怎么起名白狼御魂公司起名生成器淀粉肠小王子日销售额涨超10倍罗斯否认插足凯特王妃婚姻让美丽中国“从细节出发”清明节放假3天调休1天男孩疑遭霸凌 家长讨说法被踢出群国产伟哥去年销售近13亿网友建议重庆地铁不准乘客携带菜筐雅江山火三名扑火人员牺牲系谣言代拍被何赛飞拿着魔杖追着打月嫂回应掌掴婴儿是在赶虫子山西高速一大巴发生事故 已致13死高中生被打伤下体休学 邯郸通报李梦为奥运任务婉拒WNBA邀请19岁小伙救下5人后溺亡 多方发声王树国3次鞠躬告别西交大师生单亲妈妈陷入热恋 14岁儿子报警315晚会后胖东来又人满为患了倪萍分享减重40斤方法王楚钦登顶三项第一今日春分两大学生合买彩票中奖一人不认账张家界的山上“长”满了韩国人?周杰伦一审败诉网易房客欠租失踪 房东直发愁男子持台球杆殴打2名女店员被抓男子被猫抓伤后确诊“猫抓病”“重生之我在北大当嫡校长”槽头肉企业被曝光前生意红火男孩8年未见母亲被告知被遗忘恒大被罚41.75亿到底怎么缴网友洛杉矶偶遇贾玲杨倩无缘巴黎奥运张立群任西安交通大学校长黑马情侣提车了西双版纳热带植物园回应蜉蝣大爆发妈妈回应孩子在校撞护栏坠楼考生莫言也上北大硕士复试名单了韩国首次吊销离岗医生执照奥巴马现身唐宁街 黑色着装引猜测沈阳一轿车冲入人行道致3死2伤阿根廷将发行1万与2万面值的纸币外国人感慨凌晨的中国很安全男子被流浪猫绊倒 投喂者赔24万手机成瘾是影响睡眠质量重要因素春分“立蛋”成功率更高?胖东来员工每周单休无小长假“开封王婆”爆火:促成四五十对专家建议不必谈骨泥色变浙江一高校内汽车冲撞行人 多人受伤许家印被限制高消费
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[1] Jin X M, Ren J G, Yang B 2010 Nat. Photon. 4 376 Google Scholar
[2] Ma X S, Thomas H, Thomas S, Wang D Q, Sebastian K, William N, Bernhard W, Alexandra M, Johannes K, Elena A, Vadim M, Thomas J, Rupert U, Anton Z 2012 Nature 489 269 Google Scholar
[3] Davide E B, Timothy C, Ralph, Ivette F, Thomas J, Mohsen R 2014 Phys. Rev. D 90 045041 Google Scholar
[4] 聂敏, 任杰, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2015 物理学报 64 150301 Google Scholar
Nie M, Ren J, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 150301 Google Scholar
[5] 聂敏, 尚鹏钢, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2014 物理学报 63 240303 Google Scholar
Nie M, Shang P G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 240303 Google Scholar
[6] 聂敏, 石力, 杨光, 裴昌幸 2017 通信学报 38 2017092
Nie M, Shi L, Yang G, Pei C X 2017 J. Commun. 38 2017092
[7] Ivan C, Andrea T, Alberto D, Francesca G, Ruper U, Giuseppe V, Paolo V 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 200502 Google Scholar
[8] 聂敏, 任家明, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2016 光子学报 45 0927004
Nie M, Ren J M, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2016 Acta Photon. Sin. 45 0927004
[9] 聂敏, 唐守荣, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2017 物理学报 66 070302 Google Scholar
Nie M, Tang S R, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 070302 Google Scholar
[10] 聂敏, 常乐, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2017 光子学报 46 0701002
Nie M, Chang L, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2017 Acta Photon. Sin. 46 0701002
[11] 聂敏, 唐守荣, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2017 光子学报 46 1206002
Nie M, Tang S R, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2017 Acta Photon. Sin. 46 1206002
[12] 聂敏, 任家明, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸 2016 物理学报 65 190301 Google Scholar
Nie M, Ren J M, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 190301 Google Scholar
[13] 张朝昆, 崔勇, 唐翯祎, 吴建平 2015 软件学报 26 62 Google Scholar
Zhang C K, Cui Y, Tang H Y, Wu J P 2015 J. Software 26 62 Google Scholar
[14] Mijumbi R, Serrat J, Gorricho J, Bouten N, de Truck F, Boutaba R 2016 IEEE Commun. Surv. Tut. 18 239 Google Scholar
[15] Suresh L, Schulz J, Merz R, Feldmann A 2012 Comput. Commun. Rev. 42 279 Google Scholar
[16] Kannan K, Banerjee S 2012 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Network and Service Management Las Vegas, USA, October 22–26, 2012 p295
[17] Jin D, Nicol D M 2013 Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSIM Conference On Principles of Advanced Discrete Simulation Montreal, Canada, May 19–22, 2013 p91
[18] 尹浩, 马怀新 2006 军使量子通信概论 (北京: 军事科学出版社) 第224页
Yin H, Ma H X 2006 Introduction to Quantum Communication in Military (Beijing: Military Science Press) p224 (in Chinese)
[19] 张登玉 2013 量子逻辑门与量子退相干 (北京: 科学出版社) 第90—110页
Zhang D Y 2013 Quantum Logic Gates and Quantum Decoherence (Beijing: Science Press) pp90–110 (in Chinese)
[20] Liao X P, Fang M F, Fang J S, Zhu Q Q 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 020304 Google Scholar
[21] 尹浩, 马怀新 2006 军使量子通信概论 (北京: 军事科学出版社) 第227页
Yin H, Ma H X 2006 Introduction to Quantum Communication in Military (Beijing: Military Science Press) p227 (in Chinese)
[22] Bennett C H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 3121 Google Scholar
[23] Gao F, Qin S J, Huang W, Wen Q Y 2019 Sci. China: Phys. Mech. Astron. 62 070301 Google Scholar
[24] Gao F, Liu B, Wen Q Y 2012 Opt. Express 20 17411 Google Scholar
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