文艺复兴时期英国戏剧家、诗人

莎士比亚

William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, in England. His father, John, was a glove-maker. His mother, Mary, was a farmer’s daughter. He had two older sisters, two younger sisters and three younger brothers.

William probably studied Latin, Greek and history, and left school when he was 14 or 15. Three years later he married Anne Hathaway. They had a daughter called Susanna and twins named Judith and Hamnet. Sometime before 1590 he left Stratford and went to London, the capital city of England.

London’s first theatre opened in 1576. Shakespeare worked in London as an actor and then started writing plays too. In 1593 the plague, a terrible disease, killed thousands of people and theatres were closed. During this time William started to write poems instead of plays. His short poems are called sonnets.

Shakespeare helped build a new theatre called The Globe. It opened in 1599. It was round and had space for 3000 people. At The Globe some people stood in front of the stage and others had seats. The audience shouted, clapped, booed and laughed while they watched plays. Musicians created special noises to make the plays more exciting and they had a cannon to make big bangs! No women acted in Shakespeare’s time: men and boys played all the parts.

Shakespeare wrote comedies with happy endings, like A Midsummer Night’s Dream. He wrote tragedies which had sad endings, like Romeo and Juliet. His history plays are about kings and queens, like Henry V. Shakespeare wrote 38 plays, maybe more. He loved language and invented new words and expressions that we still use today.

William became rich and famous. He had houses in London and in Stratford. He died when he was 52 on 23 April 1616. His plays and poetry were very popular 400 years ago and they are still popular today. People all over the world love his work because he wrote wonderful stories about very interesting people.

经典名言

威廉·莎士比亚（文艺复兴时期英国戏剧家、诗人）

威廉·莎士比亚（英语：William Shakespeare，1564年4月23日－1616年4月23日），华人社会常尊称为莎翁，清末民初鲁迅在《摩罗诗力说》（1908年2月）称莎翁为“狭斯丕尔”，是英国文学史上最杰出的戏剧家，也是欧洲文艺复兴时期最重要、最伟大的作家，全世界最卓越的文学家之一。

莎士比亚在埃文河畔斯特拉特福出生长大，18岁时与安妮·海瑟薇结婚，两人共生育了三个孩子：苏珊娜、双胞胎哈姆尼特和朱迪思。16世纪末到17世纪初的20多年期间莎士比亚在伦敦开始了成功的职业生涯，他不仅是演员、剧作家，还是宫内大臣剧团的合伙人之一，后来改名为国王剧团。

1613年左右，莎士比亚退休回到埃文河畔斯特拉特福，3年后逝世。

1590年到1613年是莎士比亚的创作的黄金时代。他的早期剧本主要是喜剧和历史剧，在16世纪末期达到了深度和艺术性的高峰。接下来到1608年他主要创作悲剧，莎士比亚崇尚高尚情操，常常描写牺牲与复仇，包括《奥赛罗》、《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》，被认为属于英语最佳范例。在他人生最后阶段，他开始创作悲喜剧，又称为传奇剧。

莎士比亚流传下来的作品包括37部戏剧、154首十四行诗、两首长叙事诗。他的戏剧有各种主要语言的译本，且表演次数远远超过其他任何戏剧家的作品。

经典名言

Things base and vile, holding no quantity, love can transpose to from and dignity: love looks not with the eyes, but with mind. (A Midsummer Night’s Dream 1.1)

卑贱和劣行在爱情看来都不算数，都可以被转化成美满和庄严：爱情不用眼睛辨别，而是用心灵来判断/爱用的不是眼睛，而是心。——《仲夏夜之梦》

The course of true love never did run smooth. (A Midsummer Night’s Dream 1.1)

真爱无坦途。 ——《仲夏夜之梦》

Lord, what fools these mortals be! (A Midsummer Night’s Dream 3.2)

上帝呀，这些凡人怎么都是十足的傻瓜！——《仲夏夜之梦》

The lunatic, the lover and the poet are of imagination all compact. (A Midsummer Night’s Dream 5.1)

疯子、情人、诗人都是想象的产儿。——《仲夏夜之梦》

Since the little wit that fools have was silenc’d, the little foolery that wise men have makes a great show. (As You Like It, 1.2)

自从傻子小小的聪明被压制得无声无息，聪明人小小的傻气显得更吸引眼球了。——《皆大欢喜》

As you like it, All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts.(As You Like It)

世界是一个舞台，所有的男男女女不过是一些演员，他们都有下场的时候，也都有上场的时候。一个人的一生中扮演着好几个角色。 ——《皆大欢喜》

Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold. (As You Like It, 1.3)

美貌比金银更容易引起歹心。——《皆大欢喜》

Sweet are the uses of adversity. (As You Like It, 2.1)

逆境和厄运自有妙处。——《皆大欢喜》

Do you not know I am a woman? When I think, I must speak. (As You Like It, 3.2)

你难道不知道我是女人？我心里想什么，就会说出来。——《皆大欢喜》

Love is merely a madness. (As You Like It, 3.2)

爱情不过是一种疯狂。——《皆大欢喜》

O, how bitter a thing it is to look into happiness through another man’s eyes! (As You Like It)

唉！从别人的眼中看到幸福，自己真有说不出的酸楚！——《皆大欢喜》

It is a wise father that knows his own child. (A Merchant of Venice 2.2)

知子之父为智。——《威尼斯商人》

Love is blind and lovers cannot see the pretty follies that themselves commit. (A Merchant of Venice 2.6)

爱情是盲目的，恋人们看不到自己做的傻事。——《威尼斯商人》

All that glisters is not gold. (A Merchant of Venice 2.7)

闪光的并不都是金子。——《威尼斯商人》

So is the will of a living daughter curb’d by the will of a dead father. (A Merchant of Venice 1.2)

一个活生生的女人的意愿，却被过世的父亲的遗嘱所限。——《威尼斯商人》

Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall. (Measure for Measure 2.1)

有些人因罪恶而升迁，有些人因德行而没落。——《一报还一报》

O, it is excellent to have a giant’s strength; but it is tyrannous to use it like a giant.(Measure for Measure 2.1)

哎! 有巨人的力量固然好，但像巨人那样滥用力量就是一种残暴行为。——《一报还一报》

I’ll pray a thousand prayers for thy death but no word to save thee. (Measure for Measure 3.1)

我要千遍祷告让你死，也不祈求一字救你命。——《一报还一报》

O, what may man within him hide, though angel on the outward side! (Measure for Measure 3.2)

哎！一个人外表可以装得像天使，但却可能把自己掩藏在内心深处！——《一报还一报》

Beauty, wit, high birth, vigour of bone, desert in service, love, friendship, charity, are subjects all to envious and calumniating time. (Troilus and Cressida 3.3)

美貌、智慧、门第、臂力，事业、爱情、友谊和仁慈，都必须听命于妒忌而无情的时间。——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

You gods divine! Make Cressida’s name the very crown of falsehood, if ever she leave Troilus. (Troilus and Cressida 4.2)

神明啊！要是有一天克瑞西达背叛特罗里斯，那么就让她的名字永远被人唾骂吧！——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

Beauty! Where is thy faith? (Troilus and Cressida 5.2)美貌！你的真诚在何方？——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

Take but degree away, untune that string, and, hark, what discord follows! (Troilus and Cressida 1.3)

没有了纪律，就像琴弦绷断，听吧！刺耳的噪音随之而来！——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

O, she dothe teach the torches to burn bright! (Romeo and Juliet 1.5)

啊！火炬不及她那么明亮。——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

My only love sprung from my only hate ! (Romeo and Juliet 1.5)

我唯一的爱来自我唯一的恨。——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet. (Romeo and Juliet 2.2)

名字中有什么呢？把玫瑰叫成别的名字，它还是一样的芬芳。——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

Young men’s love then lies not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes. (Romeo and Juliet 2.3)

年轻人的爱不是发自内心，而是全靠眼睛。——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. (Romeo and Juliet 2.2)

那是东方，而朱丽叶就是太阳。——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

A little more than kin, and less than kind. (Hamlet 1.2)

超乎寻常的亲族，漠不相关的路人。——《哈姆雷特》

Frailty, thy name is woman! (Hamlet 1.2)

脆弱啊，你的名字是女人！——《哈姆雷特》

This above all: to thine self be true. (Hamlet 1.3)

最重要的是，你必须对自己忠实。——《哈姆雷特》

The time is out of joint – O, cursed spite, that ever I was born to set it right! (Hamlet 1.5)

这是一个礼崩乐坏的时代，唉！倒霉的我却要负起重整乾坤的责任。——《哈姆雷特》

Brevity is the soul of wit. (Hamlet 2.2)

简洁是智慧的灵魂，冗长是肤浅的藻饰。——《哈姆雷特》

There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy. (Hamlet 1.5)

天地之间有许多事情，是你的睿智所无法想象的。——《哈姆雷特》

There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so. (Hamlet 2.2)世上之事物本无善恶之分，思想使然。——《哈姆雷特》

To be or not to be: that is a question. (Hamlet 3.1)

生存还是毁灭，这是个值得考虑的问题。——《哈姆雷特》

There’s a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. (Hamlet 5.2)

一只麻雀的生死都是命运预先注定的。——《哈姆雷特》

The rest is silence. (Hamlet 5.2)

余下的只有沉默。——《哈姆雷特》

Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them. (Othello 1.2)

收起你们明晃晃的剑，它们沾了露水会生锈的。——《奥赛罗》

O, beware, my lord, of jealousy; it is the green-eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on. (Othello 3.3)

主帅啊，当心你会嫉妒，那可是一只绿眼的妖魔，它惯于耍弄爪下的猎物。——《奥赛罗》

Good name in man and woman, dear my lord, is the immediate jewel of their souls: Who steals my purse steals trash; ’tis something, nothing. (Othello 3.3)

无论男人女人，名誉是他们灵魂中最贴心的珍宝，如果有人偷走了我的钱袋，他不过偷走了一些废物，那不过是些毫无价值的东西罢了。——《奥赛罗》

O, curse of marriage, that we can call these delicate creatures ours, and not their appetites! (Othello 3.3)

啊！婚姻的烦恼！我们可以把这些可爱的人儿据为己有，却无法掌控她们的各种欲望。——《奥赛罗》

We cannot all be masters, nor all masters cannot be truly followed. (Othello 1.3)不是每个人都能做主人，也不是每个主人都能值得仆人忠心的服侍。——《奥赛罗》

Nothing will come of nothing. (King Lear 1.1)

一无所有只能换来一无所有。——《李尔王》

Love’s not love when it is mingled with regards that stands aloof from th’entire point. (King Lear 1.1)

爱情里面要是搀杂了和它本身无关的算计，那就不是真的爱情。——《李尔王》

How sharper than a serpent's tooth is to have a thankless child. (King Lear 1.4)

逆子无情甚于蛇蝎。——《李尔王》

Blow, winds, and crack cheeks! Rage! Blow! (King Lear 3.2)吹吧！风啊！吹破你的脸颊，猛烈地吹吧！——《李尔王》

Tis this times’ plague, when madmen lead the blind. (King Lear 4.1)

疯子带瞎子走路，这就是这个时代的病态。——《李尔王》

Why should a dog, a horse, a rat, have life, and thou no breath at all? (King Lear 5.3)

为什么一条狗，一匹马，一只耗子都有生命，而你却没有一丝的呼吸。——《李尔王》

Fair is foul, and foul is fair. (Macbeth 1.1)

美即是丑，丑即是美。——《麦克白》

I fear thy nature; it is too full o’the milk of human kindness. (Macbeth)

我为你的天性担忧，它充满了太多的人情乳臭。——《麦克白》

What’s done cannot be undone. (Macbeth 5.1)

做过的事情不能逆转。——《麦克白》

Out, out, brief candle, life is but a walking shadow. (Macbeth)

熄灭吧，熄灭吧，瞬间的灯火。人生只不过是行走着的影子。——《麦克白》

No matter how dark long, may eventually in the day arrival.(Macbeth)

黑暗无论怎样悠长，白昼总会到来。——《麦克白》

Cowards die many times before their deaths; the valiant never taste of death but once. （Julius Caesar 2.2）

懦夫在未死以前就已经死了好多次；勇士一生只死一次。——《凯撒大帝》/《英雄叛国记》

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